新概念二册语法知识结构

作者:网友提供 时间:2020-02-24

1.简单句的结构: 主语+谓语+宾语+状语(地点状语+方式状语+时间状语)时间状语还可以放在句首

2. 一般现在时,现在进行时感叹句:what+名词+主语+谓语, how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语频度副词:位于主语和谓语之间,常见频度副词及其程度的深浅:always, often, usually, frequently, sometimes, hardly, rarely, seldom, neverI always buy CDs on Sundays.3. 一般过去时直接宾语和间接宾语:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务,也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的,或者是为谁做的。所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当。 He gives me a book.me间接宾语, a book直接宾语直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词to或for,to表示动作对谁而做, for表示动作为谁而做。主语+及物动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语Give the book to me.Send a letter to him.I bought a coat for my mother.4. 现在完成时,注意频度及时间副词的位置 receive/take5. 复习:一般过去时与现在完成时的区别in the way/on the way/in this way/by the way/in a way/get out of my way/Don’t stand in my way./by the way/no wayspare/to spare6. 冠词用法(一)1. 不定冠词用于修饰单数可数名词,当一个单词的第*个发音为元音时要用冠词an, 如果是辅音用a即可。2. 不定冠词还可以用来修饰一类事物,有时候也可以省略:A cat is a lovely animal. Cat is a lovely animal.3. 不可数名词加冠词表示一类事物:Apple is a fruit.4. 如果特制某人,某物或上文提过的人或物时要用定冠词the5. Some表示一些,可以修饰可数名词及不可数名词。6. 在姓名,城市,地名,过名,月份,节日,星期前不加冠词,季节前也一般不加,特指时加。put on/take off/look for/look after/knock at/knock sth. off/knock off/knock %off/knock over/knock out7. 过去进行时,时间状语短语:在短语中动词后面的介词或副词叫小品词,有些小品词既可以紧跟在动词后面也可以跟在动词的宾语后面,而有些则只能紧跟着动词使用。8. 形容词的比较级与*高级单音节词的比较级*高级:u 直接加-er, -est: small-smaller, smallestu 以e结尾的加-r, -st: large-larger, largestu 以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i加-er, -est: busy-busier, busiestu 重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个辅音字母再加-er, -est:big-bigger, biggest以ow, er, le结尾的双音节词和个别单音节词也直接加-er, -est:narrow, common, clever, simple,polite, quiet…多音节词及双音节词:more/less, most/lest不规则变化:good/bad/many/little/far…少数单音节词也要通过加more/less, most/lest构成比较级和*高级:pleased, glad, tired, fond,注意:形容词*高级前面要加定冠词the 不定代词的用法,如果不定代词做主语,谓语动词要用单数:Everyone is here.enter/enter for9. 介词(表示时间)u in:表示一天中的某段时间:in the morning/afternoon/evening表示月份/年份:in March, in 1990表示季节:in spring/winterin+一段时间可以表示在一段时间之内也可以表示在一段时间之后,可以与现在时,过去时和将来时连用。u on:表示星期:on Monday表示具体日期:on June 1st表示具体时间:on that day/that evening/on that nightu at:表示确切时间:at 10 o’clock表示用餐时间:at lunch time/teatime表示其他时刻:at noon/night/midnight, at this timeu during+一段时间u from…tillu till/untill直到not any=no,语气更强10. 被动语态:结构:be+过去分词用法:u 主语不清或不需要提及时I was born in 1999. The apple was eaten. u 强调不同的主语时,为了说明动作是谁做的,用by+动作执行者The policeman caught the thief. The thief was caught by the policeman.Be made in/be made of/be made from/be made by双重名词所有格:one of +形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+名词复数单数名词+of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格one of my father’s friends/a friend of my father’sone of my friends/a friend of mineone of your records/a record of yours1. 复习动词不定式做宾补的用法:want/help/ask/teach/advise . to do, 代词要用宾格形式borrow/lend, salary/wages2. 一般将来时:be going to结构的用法be+副词词组:be away/be back/be out/be in/be over/be on/be up to ./sth.set out=set off, set up=create3. 将来进行时:名词所有格:如果名词复数以S结尾一般只加‘,如果名词是以S结尾的专有名词如人名,可以加’S, 也可以直接加‘,如:Keats’ work, the Johns’ house 名词所有格也可以用来表示无生命的1. 时间:today’s, new centry’s2. 国家,城市名词:the country’s, the city’s3. 机构组织:the station’s waiting room, the university’s library4. 车,船,用具: the car’s wheel, the computer’s harddisk5. 专有结构:at one’s wit’s end,6. 价值:ten pound’s worth of meat, 7. 时间:in twenty minutes’ time4. 过去完成时:ask/ask forexcept/except for/apart fromwhich of/neither of/both of/neither of5. 直接引语/间接引语(一)如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时,那么间接引语要做相应变化:时态,人称,时间地点及指示词u 时态变化:一般现在时——一般过去时现在进行时——过去进行时一般过去时——过去完成时现在完成时——过去完成时一般将来时——过去将来时be going to——was/were going to/wouldcan----------------couldmay---------------mightu 时间地点及指示词的变化:here—there, tomorrow—the next day, the following day, this—that…u 人称变化:根据句意改变人称。Nervous/irritableOffice/study/deskafford6. 条件状语从句:主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时,有时为了强调“能够”,“必须”还可以用情态动词police/policemanpay attention to/care for/take care ofremind/rememberone/you可以指任何人: One must never tell lies. You must never tell lies.7. 情态动词:must/have toas作为介词,以…身份,与like相同as作为连词,因为,正当。。。时候,以。。。方式,如同。。。那样dress/suit/costumegrow/grow up8. have用法give in, give away, give up, give upbeside/besides9. can/could/may/might might as well表示“还是。。。的好”,“还不如。。。”He will never pass. He might as well give up.10. 动名词:动名词1. 动词的-ing形式在起名词作用时称为动名词。动名词可以做主语,标语,宾语,介词宾语定语(即复合名词)2. 动名词的几种形式:

主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done

3. 做主语:Finding work is difficult now.Watching TV is my favorite pastime.4. 做表语:My main hobby is reading. One of her duties is growing roses.My job is teaching.5. 做宾语:I like taking with famous people.We enjoy learning English. The flowers need watering.6. 介词宾语:He is fond of watching football matches.He went away without saying a word.常用的一些加动名词的动词词组(注意总结):take part in, look forward to , insist on, be interested in,7. 做定语:waiting room, swimming pool, washing machine, reading room, living room, drinking fountain(引水机), parking slot…8. 动名词的否定:在动名词前面加not,I am sorry for not asking you.Interested/interesting, excited/exciting, amused/amusing

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