本次练习题分为词汇选项和阅读判断两个部分

第一部分   词汇选项

下面共有15 道小题。在每道题的句子里都有一个加底横线的词或短语，请在四个选项中找出与加底横线的词或短语意义*相近的一项。

词汇学习10

1.It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatment. .
A) unforgettable   B) unbelievable    C) unfair      D) unthinkable

1.C shabby：不公正的；卑劣的。与unfair（不公正的）意义相同。Her clothes were old and shabby.她过去穿的衣服既旧又破。Unforgettable：难忘的。A visit to Beijing is an unforgettable experience.去北京是一次难忘的经历。Unbelievable：难以置信的。It was an unbelievable moment when Du Li won the gold medal.杜丽获之时大家高兴极了。Unthinkable：不可想象的。This place is going to be unthinkable without you.这里没有你不知道会变成什么样子。

2. The curious look from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy.
A) difficult      B) worried       C) anxious     D) unhappy

2.C 不要以为uneasy是easy的反义词，那样的话就会选difficult了。其实uneasy是“局促不安的；忧虑的；担心的”的意思，如：I felt uneasy about asking her for such a big favour.求她帮我这么大的忙，我感到有点不安。The very thought of the series of examination lying ahead made her feel uneasy.一想到等着她的一系列考试就让她感到心神不安。因此，答案为anxious。Difficult：困难的。Worried：发愁的。Unhappy：不愉快的。

3. It is said that the houses along this street will soon be demolished.
.A) pulled down    B) rebuilt    C) renovated    D) whitewashed

3.A demolish的意思是“拆毁；毁掉；推翻”，故pull down是正确答案。其他几个选项均可和houses搭配，但意义和原句不同。Rebuild：重建。Renovate：修复；整修。Whitewash：粉刷。

4.The advertising company was surprised by the adverse public reaction to the poster.
A) delayed    B) quick.    C) positive    D) unfavorable

4.D adverse的意思是“不利的；逆的”，如：adverse wind逆风，adverse criticism非难，adverse situation不利的形势，adverse balance of trade贸易逆差。原句的意思是：广告公司对于公众对招贴画的不利反应感到惊奇。在四个选项中adverse和unfavorable同义。另外三个选项都可以用于修饰public reaction。Delayed：延误的。Quick：迅速的。Positive：正面的；肯定的，和adverse恰恰相反。

5. He began his talk by giving a concise definition of post-modemism.
A) long and detailedB) short and clear    C) comprehensive D) professional

5.B concise的意思是“简明的”，如：a concise dictionary一部简明词典。Long and detailed的意思则正好相反，表示“又长又详尽”；comprehensive：全面的；professional：专业的。

6.  The staff of the company are always courteous and helpful.
A) efficient  、    B) respectable    C) well-informed D) respectful

6.D courteous是“有礼貌的；谦恭的”，在四个选项中只有respectful和它意义相近。Respectable和respectful的区别是前者意为“可尊敬的”，或者意为“恭敬的；尊重别人的”，如：a respectable gentleman（一位值得尊敬的先生），a respectful bow（充满敬意的一鞠躬）。Efficient：有效率的。Well-informed：有学问的。

7.The new job will provide you with invaluable experience.
A) simply useless  B) really practical    C) very little    D) extremely useful

7.D invaluable从形式上看似乎是valuable（贵重的；有价值的）的反义词，其实不然，它的意思恰恰是“无法估计的；十分宝贵的”，故应选extremely useful。其他的搭配还有an invaluable treasure无价之宝，invaluable advice很有用的忠告，invaluable heritage宝贵的遗产。选项A和invaluable反义，选项B的意思是“确实和很实用”，选项C的意思是“几乎没有”。

8.The whole idea to build a deluxe hotel here sounds insane to me.
A) reasonable    B) sensible    C) crazy    D) unbelievable

8.C 此句的意思是“我认为在这里建一家豪华宾馆的想法简直荒唐”。Insane是sane的反义词，意思是“精神错乱的；疯狂的”，又如：He went insane at last.他最终发疯了。故该词和mad、crazy同义。Reasonable和sensible的意思都是“合理的；有理的”，故都和insane相反。

9. In his two-hour-long lecture he made an exhaustive analysis of the issue.
A) extremely thorough    B) long and boringC) superficial    D) unconvincing

9.A exhaustive是“透彻的；彻底的”的意思，如：exhaustive study透彻的研究，exhaustive investigation深入的调查，所以extremely thorough是正确答案。Long and boring长得令人厌倦。Superficial 表面的。Unconvincing不能使人信服的。这三个选项均不合适。

10. We all think that the new device he has proposed is ingenious.
A) effective    B) clever    C) implausible    D) original

10.D ingenious指人时是“善于用新的或简单的方法解决复杂问题的；心灵手巧”的意思，如：So you fitted that wire through that little hole there：that’s very ingenious！那么说是你把金属线穿过那个小孔的了，真灵巧！Ingenious指物件时是“original in design and well suited to its purpose（设计独特而精巧）”的意思。因此，ingenious在本句中与original大致同义。Effective：有效的。Implausible：不合情理的。Clever：聪明的。

11. Reading the job ad,he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it.
A) competitive    B) diligent    C) qualified    D) competent

11.C 这句话的意思是“他看着招聘广告，心想不知自己是否有资格去应聘”。Eligible的意思是“有资格做……；符合做……条件”，如：Anyone above the age of 18 is eligible to vote.18岁以上的人都可以参加选举。Not every resident here is eligible for the medical insurance provided by the community.并非每一个本地的居民都有资格享受社区提供的医疗保险。选项C qualified与eligible同义，是正确答案。

12. He impressed all his colleagues as a vigorous man in the prime of his career.
A) hot-tempered  B) healthy    C) friendly    D) patient

12.B vigorous：精力充沛的；有活力的。常用于人，如：a vigorous young man。它也可作“强有力的；强劲的；用力的”解，如：vigorous opponent强劲的对手，vigorous exercises运动量大的锻炼。Healthy是“健康的”，暗示“有活力的；精力充沛”的意思。Hot-tempered是“脾气大的；性子烈的”意思，patient作形容词则是“耐心的”意思。

13. Not all member states abided by the principle they had agreed on previously.
A) adhered to    B) abandoned    C) applied    D) adopted

13.A 本句的意思是“并非所有的成员国都遵循他们先前达成一致的原则。”abide by是个短语，意为“服从，遵守”；adhere to也是一个固定的短语，和stick to同义。Abide by常见的搭配还有abide by the rule/the law/decison，如：The players all abided by the referee’s decision although it was not really fair.其余的三个选项apply（应用），abandon（放弃），adopt（采纳）均可以和principle搭配，但词义和abide by不符。

14. Examination papers of the class were marked without bias.
A) immediately    B) correctly    C) fairly    D) carefully

14.C bias的意思是“偏袒；偏见”，without bias则是“公平地；公正地”的意思。Fairly是形容词fair的副词形式，在这里是“公平地”的意思。当然，fairly也可以作“相当，还”解，表示程度，如：Your English is fairly good.你的英语还不错。

15. The construction of the railway is said to have been terminated.
A) resumed    B) put an end to    C) suspended    D) re-scheduled

15.B terminate意为“结束”，可作及物动词或不及物动词用，又如：We have decided to terminate our contract with your company.我们已决定终止与贵公司的合同。The road terminates in a forest.路的尽头是树林。Put an end to是个动词短语。如：Finally they put an end to the long-standing disputes.最后他们终于结束了长期的争端。Resume（中断后重又开始），suspend（暂时中断），re-schedule（重新制定时间表），这三个动词都可以和construction搭配，但词义和terminate不相近。
第二部分：判断对错

　Microchip Research Center Created

　　A research center has been set up in this Far Eastern country to develop advanced micro-chip production technology. The center, which will start out with about US $14 million, will help the country develop its chip industry without always depending on imported technology.

　　The center will make use of its research skills and facilities to develop new technology for domestic chip plants. The advent of the center will possibly free the country from the situation that it is always buying almost-outdated technologies from other countries, said the country’s flagship chipmaker.1 Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don’t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes. Moreover, the high licensing fees they have to pay to technology providers are also an important reason for their decision of self-reliance2.

　　As mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years3,plants with new technology can make more powerful chips at lower costs, while4 plants with outdated equipment, which often cost billions of dollars to build, will be marginalized by the maker.

　　More than 10 chip plants are being built, each costing millions of

　　Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in the industry,6 the country admits the US $14 million investment is still rather small. This country is developing comprehensive technologies. Most of the investment will be spent on setting alliances with technology and intellectual property7 owners.

　　词汇：

　　microchip微芯片  flagship 首位，*好
　　mainstream 主流   marginalize 忽视，边缘化
　　vendor 卖主

　　注释：
　　1．The advent of the center will possibly free the country from the situation that it is always buying almost-outdated technologies from other countries, said the country’s flagship chipmaker：这个国家名列首位的芯片制造公司说，芯片中心的成立可能使这个国家摆脱从他国购买即将淘汰的技术的困境。
　　（1）free ... from ... ：把……从……解放出来
　　（2）situation that = situation in which
　　（3）said the country’s flagship chipmaker：把“谁说的”放在句末，是为了突出“The advent ... other countries”所表达的事实。注意放在句末时用的是倒装句：said the country’s flagship chipmaker。
　　2．self-reliance：自力更生
　　3．every three to five years：每隔3～5年
　　4．while：而（表示对比）
　　5．More than 10 chip plants are being built, each costing millions of US dollars：十几个芯片厂正在建设之中，每一个厂的造价都在几百万美元。
　　each costing millions of US dollars是独立分词结构，用作状语，进一步说明情况。
　　6．Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in the industry：如果新建的芯片中心能在改善该国在芯片行业的（被动）形势中起重要作用……
　　Should…in the industry是虚拟条件句，也可写成If the new center should play a major role in improving the situation in the industry ...
　　7．intellectual property：知识产权

　　练习：

　　1．The country says that the investment of US $14 million is big enough for developing that country’s chip industry.
　　A　Right     B　Wrong    C　Not mentioned
　　2．That country gives top priorities to developing chips for military purposes.
　　A　Right     B　Wrong    C　Not mentioned
　　3．Although the licensing fees are not very high, that Far Eastern country cannot afford to pay.
　　A　Right     B　Wrong    C　Not mentioned
　　4．Many western countries ban the exporting of the most advanced chip-making technologies to that country to prevent them from being used for military purposes.
　　A　Right     B　Wrong    C　Not mentioned
　　5．Currently, almost all the flagship chipmakers in that country are owned by American investors.
　　A　Right     B　Wrong    C　Not mentioned
　　6．Mainstream chip production technology develop rapidly.
　　A　Right     B　Wrong    C　Not mentioned
　　7．More than 10 chip plants being built in that country are an example of self-reliance.
　　A　Right     B　Wrong    C　Not mentioned

　　答案与题解：

　　1．B　本题给出的信息是错误的。最后一段说到，如果新建的芯片中心能在改善该国在芯片行业的被动形势中起重要作用，该国认为：“... the US $14 million investment is still rather small”。
　　2．C　文章没有提供这方面的信息。
　　3．B　文章提到专利费较高，此句说较低，与原意不符。
　　4．A　本题给出的信息是正确的。第二段有这样一句话：Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don’t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes.这就是选A的依据。
　　5．C　文章没有提供这方面的信息。
　　6．A　选A的依据是第三段第*句：... mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years ...
　　7．B　本题给出的信息是错误的。第四段第二句说明，这些芯片工厂的技术主要是从日本和新加坡进口的。

　　译文：微芯片研究中心成立

　　为了开发先进的微芯片生产技术，这个远东国家建立了一个研究中心，该中心启动资金为一千四百万美元，可以帮助该国开发自己的芯片工业，不必总是依赖于进口技术。

　　该中心将会应用自己的研究技术和设施，为本国芯片厂家开发新技术。这个国家名列首位的芯片制造公司说，芯片中心的成立可能使这个国家摆脱从他国购买即将淘汰的技术的困境。由于许多外国政府担心先进技术会被用于军事目的，不允许这个国家的芯片生产厂家进口前沿技术，所以这些生产厂家处于一种被动局面。另外，由于这些芯片生产厂家必须向技术提供者支付高额的许可费，这也构成了他们决定要自力更生的一个重要原因。

　　由于主流芯片生产技术每隔 3～5年就要进行更新换代，所以掌握了新技术的厂家就可以以较低的成本制造出较好的芯片，而那些耗费数十亿美元建立起的厂家，如果设备落后，也将会被生产商所淘汰。

　　几个芯片厂正在建立之中，每个厂的造价都在几百万美元，其中大部分资金都流向了海外设备商和技术所有者——主要是日本和新加坡。

　　如果新建的芯片中心能在改变该国芯片行业的被动形势中起到重要作用，该国承认，一千四百万美元的投资仍是微不足道的。该国正在开发综合技术，大部分投资将用于与技术和知识产权所有者建立联盟。